Ever noticed that as soon as the latest phone model comes out your old handset conveniently starts to slow down…
It may sound like a theory in the realm of tinfoil hats and conspiracy but this is a real tech phenomenon known as planned obsolescence.
This deliberate strategy is a key driver behind the constant churn of consumer electronics, the ever-increasing piles of e-waste, and the nagging feeling that your perfectly functional device is somehow 'outdated.
' It's the reason why software updates can suddenly ruin older hardware, why seemingly minor repairs require huge costs, and why the latest 'must-have' gadget is often designed to become obsolete within a few short years.
What is Planned Obsolescence?
Planned obsolescence is an intentional business strategy where products are intentionally designed to have a limited lifespan.
This forces customers to repeatedly buy replacements or upgrades, making regular sales and therefore profits for the company.
The concept of planned obsolescence is probably less modern than you think, the term was first coined in 1928 but the practice predates it.
The most famous example comes from 1924 when lightbulb companies formed the Phoebus Cartel to reduce the lifespan of lightbulbs by over 50% to a maximum of 1000 hours.
There are a few different types of planned obsolescence.
Functional Obsolescence involves designing products with components that are almost destined to failure after a certain period. This includes products with electronic components that degrade over time.
Psychological Obsolescence is more of a marketing process than a manufacturing one. It’s where companies create idea that older products are outdated or unfashionable, even if they still function perfectly well. This works in tandem with fashion trends and technological advancements.
Systemic Obsolescence is when a product becomes incompatible with newer systems or software. This is a common occurrence both in software and hardware updates.
Is Planned Obsolescence Legal?
The legality of planned obsolescence is debatable, though there are currently no specific laws against the practice.
As long as manufacturer adhere to safety standards they are generally free to design products to their own specifications. However in some situations elements of obsolescence could be considered fraudulent such as deliberately concealing a products short lifespan or intentionally misrepresenting its durability. However, the intent behind these decisions are a difficult legal challenge to prove.
New “Right to Repair” laws aim to empower consumers by guaranteeing access to repair manuals, spare parts, and diagnostic tools. By facilitating repairs, these laws indirectly challenge the practice of intentionally limiting product lifespans.
The European Union is actively addressing the issue through directives that increase retailer liability for information on early obsolescence, prohibit unfair commercial practices related to artificially limited lifespans, and promote product repairability.
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